{"id":37,"date":"2026-10-04T10:39:41","date_gmt":"2026-10-04T10:39:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/test.ntcore.io.vn\/?p=37"},"modified":"2026-10-04T10:39:41","modified_gmt":"2026-10-04T10:39:41","slug":"quan-ly-nguoi-dung-tren-linux-bang-cau-lenh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.ntcore.io.vn\/?p=37","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean Linux b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean Linux b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh<\/h1>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Linux y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o trong c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd danh s\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 <strong>python<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c <strong>c++<\/strong>. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c th\u00f4ng qua d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n<p>H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Linux cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ec3 xem danh s\u00e1ch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh <code>cat \/etc\/passwd<\/code>. File n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng bao g\u1ed3m ID v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef &#8220;A&#8221;, h\u00e3y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1ec7nh <code>grep<\/code>:<br \/>\n<code>grep \"^A\" \/etc\/passwd<\/code><\/p>\n<h2>X\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n m\u1edbi<\/h2>\n<p>S\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Linux cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi <strong>python<\/strong>, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb file c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh, x\u1eed l\u00fd logic, sau \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u1ec7nh <code>useradd<\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>c++<\/strong>, c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ebft script \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00e8n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o file <code>\/etc\/passwd<\/code> tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ec7nh <strong>useradd<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n m\u1edbi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>sudo useradd -m username<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>sudo passwd username<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh th\u00f4ng tin<\/h2>\n<p>Khi c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng theo t\u00ean, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ec7nh <code>grep<\/code> k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 ID l\u00e0 1000, h\u00e3y ch\u1ea1y l\u1ec7nh sau:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><code>grep -E \"^:1000:\" \/etc\/passwd<\/code><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>L\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c trong file c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1ea1ng an ninh<\/h2>\n<p>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 <a href=\"https:\/\/test.ntcore.io.vn\/?p=25\">Canera IP l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1ea1ng an ninh Dahua v\u00e0 Hik<\/a> s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb. Tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam t\u1ea1i <a href=\"https:\/\/test.ntcore.io.vn\/?p=29\">Canera IP l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi an ninh Dahua v\u00e0 Hik<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 <code>grep<\/code>, <code>cat<\/code> v\u00e0 <code>useradd<\/code>, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean Linux. Vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u <a href=\"https:\/\/test.ntcore.io.vn\/?p=35\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh radar trong uCode v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/a> c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean Linux b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Linux y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o trong c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd danh s\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":8}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.ntcore.io.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.ntcore.io.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.ntcore.io.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.ntcore.io.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.ntcore.io.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=37"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/test.ntcore.io.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.ntcore.io.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=37"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.ntcore.io.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=37"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.ntcore.io.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=37"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}